Friday, December 27, 2019

Reinforcement Strategies in Criminal Justice - 2054 Words

Managerial Practices Executive Summary Brendan Moaratty CJA/484 June 15, 2015 Gina Craft Managerial Practices Executive Summary Organizational effectiveness is the ability of a particular organization to run as a well-oiled machine that meets goals set in place for success throughout an organization. An organization must work efficiently; therefore obtainable goals must be set within achievable timeframes in order to meet all expectations of the organizations main purpose. This allows an organization to produce productive work with a desired effect throughout the organization without wasteful use of valued assets (Charrier, K. 2007). Organizational effectiveness is imperative when managing each area of criminal justice personnel†¦show more content†¦2009). In any organization that is efficient and productive in organizational effectiveness, there are methods for exerting control in an organizational setting. A few examples of effective methods for exerting control in an organizational setting in a law enforcement organization are strategic control, management control, and operational control. Firstly, strategic control is an evaluation process of the organization in order to measure the effectiveness of the procedure, policy or practice (Giacomazzi, Andrew L., Brody, David C., 2004). This method must be used in both instances such as prior to an implementation taking effect and after the method has been implemented within adequate allotted time to show positive research of effectiveness and productivity or not (Giacomazzi, Andrew L., Brody, David C., 2004). The research must show research conducted in a qualitative and quantitative method for effective accuracy. Secondly, management control simply focuses on the valued productivity and effectiveness of procedures in place. Management uses this effective method to ensure whether or not organizational effectiveness is in place throughout a law enforcement organization. Lastly, operational control focuses directly on the performance of the team or organizational group of aShow MoreRelatedMotivation Techniques For Positive And Positive Outcomes1683 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this paper to provide a better understanding of each technique. The negative and positive outcomes of each are further described based on each member’s own experience in their respective professions. I. Motivation Techniques for Positive Reinforcement The positive motivation techniques are critical for managers in today’s organization. The techniques are constantly changing and evolving world of human needs and desires. Organizations are looking closely at how well managers use these techniquesRead MoreEssay on Approaches to crime prevention1666 Words   |  7 Pagesmost effective. I will identify and apply at least four approaches used in law enforcement, legislation, courts, corrections, family, and community within the crime prevention programs. Situational crime prevention reduces the opportunities for criminals to commit crime by making changes to or altering the environment with the assistance of the police, neighbors and other agencies (Worrall, 2008). The main theories of situational crime prevention are: environmental crime prevention, rational offenderRead MoreEssay on Shaping Chaining And Reinforcement Sc1230 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Shaping, Chaining, and Reinforcement Schedules in Prison: A Review Shaping, chaining and reinforcement schedules are learning theories utilized in operant conditioning to change individual behaviors. Shaping involves teaching new behaviors in steps. An individual shapes their behaviors when they are rewarded for closely or perfectly mastering a step in the behaviors modification. Chaining is the links that are made from one step to another in the behavior modification. Reinforcement schedules are theRead MoreRestorative Justice And Reducing Prison Population1495 Words   |  6 PagesRestorative Justice to Reduce Prison Population Is long-term incarceration working to resolve issues of criminal conduct? When considering the population of people incarcerated is rising at an alarming rate and crime statistics not dropping by much, it is hard to tell if incarceration is working in these modern times. The United States prison population is the largest in the world. In fact, the United States has 2.3 million persons in institutions which is more than the rest of the world combinedRead MoreThe Total Effects Of Boot Camps That House Juveniles847 Words   |  4 PagesSystematic Review of the Evidence. In the 1980s the first shock incarceration programs or boot camp was introduced for the adult’s correctional system. Since than it have rapidly grown, and widely adopted across the fields of corrections and juvenile justice. The attraction towards the shock incarceration program originated from the instinctive belief that military methods promote honorable behavior. However, for others, it is the effect of hopelessness fueled by the shortfall of more constructive opportunitiesRead MoreEssay On Advocacy Strategies1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe advocacy strategy must be evaluated because advocacy often only provides results partially, an advocacy team needs to measure and monitor regularly and objectively what has been accomplished and what more important to be done. Primarily, evaluation is important in terms of accountability means to examine whether a case can be made that an advocacy effort produced its intended results and also to ensure the advocacy efforts are doing what they said they would do and that the well-managed resourcesRead MoreThe Mass Incarceration Of The United States1198 Words   |  5 Pagesthat justified slavery, also prevented a class movement between poor whites and slaves that would threaten the power of the elite. The birth of white privilege and segregation of African Americans aided in creating Jim Crow policies and in the criminal justice and political spheres. American society is still systematized around preserving and safeguarding white privilege. The uneven path America took toward emancipation, freedom and partial radical equality resulted in the failure to pay black soldiersRead MoreJuvenile criminal gangs have long been a significant issue with the criminal justice establishment.1100 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile criminal gangs have long been a significant issue with the criminal justice establishment. Youths coming together to commit criminal acts normally attributed to adult and more vicious criminal organizations are now being routinely committed by juveniles. The reasons for these youths in committing the activities have somewhat baffled author tries as well as scholars and researchers. It must be noted however, that juvenile delinquency is not new; laws in the past have sought to control theRead MoreCrime Displacement And Diffusion Of The United States1078 Words   |  5 Pagespotential target. Being aware of your surroundings is extremely important. Analyzing offenders, victims and location can give ideas as to why crimes occurs. Giving displacement and diffusion central attention should be the center to problem solving in criminal activities. Keywords: displacement, crime, theories Displacement and Diffusion Crime Displacement is a very important issue to consider when trying to determine whether a program or initiative works, especially regarding crime prevention. ThereRead MoreSocial Factors in Probation: Calculating Probationer Risk954 Words   |  4 Pagesan offender will re-offend based on static factors. These static factors include the severity of crimes committed, how many, whether violence was involved, and incarceration history. This information can typically be derived from the offenders criminal record and is used to calculate whether an offender has a high or low risk of recidivism. Static risk scores are used to determine whether an offender can largely be left alone (low-risk) in the community or will need intensive supervision and support

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Comparing Two Prominent Nineteenth Century Architects...

John Soane (1753 – 1837), is one of the most original English architects. Soane’s personal style is superficially Neo-Classical, but with his interest in death and ruins Soane was also very much at the forefront of the picturesque design. Whilst Gottfried Semper (1803 -79), a German architect, took up Neo-Renaissance design as well as a belief that in the expression of the function of a building in its exterior, including any decorative. This paper will concentrate upon examine the difference and similarities of those two prominent architects in the 19th century. More specifically arguing that both architects are vastly different in employing revivalism in their work and thus indicates the values and idea is of each nation is also†¦show more content†¦Consequently, Soane directs his design towards both classical and picturesque. On the contrary, German architect Gottfried Semper studied architecture in Paris. He was heavily influenced by the debate of polychromy in classical antiquity, which was a challenge to the aesthetic tenets of classicism. This had ultimately leaded to the collapse of the view that most classical structures are â€Å"white†. Like Soane, Semper also went on the Grand Tour as a mode of architectural education. This trip turns out to be momentous for his artistic development. As he took detail drawings painted structures along the way as seen in figure 2. Later, Semper published his influential â€Å"Preliminary Remarks on Polychrome Architecture and Sculpture in Antiquity† in which Semper suggests colour becomes the way in which the meaning of the building was articulated. His findings reinforces the argument that great periods of arts have always exploited color and the insensitivity to polychromy was at heart a prejustice fostered by out model aesthetics of Neo-Classis m. Semper’s application of the theory can be seen in the sketch of the Art History Museum facade in Vienna showed in figure 3. It is a prefect case of how Semper tries to apply colours in his design. Therefore it can be see that right from the start, Soane and Semper was destined to be different in architecture style. Both Soane and

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Insomnia (2572 words) Essay Example For Students

Insomnia (2572 words) Essay InsomniaThesis StatementIn this research paper I will attempt to familiarize you, the reader, on the role of sleep, health risks of sleeping disorder that is most common, Insomnia. I will give you some of the aspects which cause Insomnia and how it can be treated. We human beings spend one third of our lives in a mysterious, potentially dangerous and seemingly unproductive state of unconsciousnessand no one knows exactly why. Scientists have attempted to study the effects of sleep and its role on our existence but have yet to come up with an accurate reason why we need sleep. Yes, we do need sleep. All animals, be they mammal, amphibian, aquatic, etc., need some form of sleep in order to rejuvenate their body and/or mind. Without sleep our bodies tend to experience some type of mental or physical malfunctions. Some of us human beings can even become down right incapable of proper social function. In other words, cranky frustrated emotional nutcases. So, sleep does play an important role in our daily functions, and no matter what we must fit it into our lives/schedule. Edisons light bulb can be considered one of the major technological ?curses? of the modern age, says sleep researcher Harvey Moldofsky, chief psychiatrist at Toronto Western Hospital. Edison believed that his light bulb would liberate us from the night and in the process transform our lives. The fact that the light bulb served as a reliable, controlled was to, banish the night, did not act as perhaps Edison hoped it would. Yet, it helped banish our need for sleep. And with this a change in our sleeping patterns. This is one of the ultimate causes of sleep problems. Insomnia is the perception or complaint of inadequate or poor-quality sleep because of one or more of the following: difficulty sleeping, waking up too early, unrefreshing sleep, waking frequently through the night. When one has Insomnia it is difficult to initiate and/or maintain sleep. Some believe that Insomnia is not a disorder, it is a symptom that often indicated other problems. Other diagnosis, hold that Insomnia is the most common of all sleep disorders and perhaps the most frequent health complaint after pain. Severe cases can disrupt social and occupational function and is associated with depression, fatigue, and anxiety. There are different types of Insomnia which affect our sleep patterns in many different ways. Types of Insomnia are:? Sleep Onset Insomnia (delayed sleep Phase Syndrome): a disorder in which the major sleep episode is delayed in relation to the desires clock time which one wishes to be awakened. ? Idiopathic Insomnia: A life long inability to obtain adequate sleep that is due to an abnormality of the neurological control of the sleep-wake system. ? Psychophysiological Insomnia: A disorder or somatized tension (conversion of anxiety into physical symptoms) and learned sleep preventing associated with results in a complaint of Insomnia and associated decreased functioning during wakefulness. ? Childhood Insomnia (limit-setting Sleep Disorder): Primarily a childhood disorder that is characterized by the inadequate enforcement of bed times by a caretaker with resultant stalling or refusal to go to bed at the appropriate time. ? Food Allergy Insomnia: A disorder of initiating and maintaining sleep due to an allergic response to food allergens. ? Environmental Insomnia (Environmental Sleep disorder): A sleep disorder disturbance due to a disturbing environmental factor that causes a complaint of either Insomnia or excessive sleepiness. ? Transient Insomnia (Adjustment Sleep Disorder): Represents sleep disturbance temporally related to acute stress, conflict or environmental change causing emotional agitation. ? Periodic Insomnia (Non 24-Hour Sleep-Wake Syndrome): Consists of a chronic steady pattern consisting of 1-2 hour daily delays in sleep onset and wake times in an individual living in society. ? Altitude Insomnia: An acute Insomnia usually accompanied by headaches, loss of appetite, and fatigue, that occurs following ascent to high altitudes. ? Hypnotic-Dependency Insomnia (Hypnotic ? Dependent Sleep Disorder): Characterized by Insomnia or excessive sleepiness that is associated with tolerance to or withdrawal from hypnotic medications. ? Stimulant ? Dependent Sleep Disorder: Characterized by a reduction of sleepiness or suppression of sleep by central stimulants and resultant alterations in wakefulness following drug abstinence. ? Alcohol ? Dependent Insomnia (Alcohol ? Dependent Sleep Disorder): Characterized by the sustained ingestion of sleep onset by the sustained ingestion of alcohol that is used for its hypnotic effect. ? Toxins ? Induced Sleep Disorders: Characterized by either Insomnia or excessive sleepiness produced by poisoning with heavy metals or organic toxins. Transient and intermittent Insomnia generally occur in people who are temporarily experiencing either stress, environmental noise, extreme temperatures, change in ones environment, and sleep/wake schedule problems. Sleep is the way the body rests and allows the mind to slow down and relax. Sleep is a distinct state of mind and body in which the body is deeply at rest, the metabolism is lowered, and the mind becomes unconscious to the outside world. The sleeping mind does not become unconscious entirely; instead, it shifts the direction of consciousness from a chair beside your body to another chair inside your dream. Aristotle proposed that the purpose of sleep was to help the body digest food although eating a big meal before getting into bed is one of the worst things you can do for your rest. Essay about Food Inc: Eating Organically EssayAbout one third of the adult population is affected by insomnia each year. Insomnia affects 20-40% of all adults, mostly women and the elderly. According to the National Survey of Psychotherapeutic Drug Use , about 35% of the adult populationis affected by insomnia during the course of a year. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidomiologic Catchment Area study yielded a 10.2% of the population on a chronic basis. Surveys indicate that one-third. ? About 15to 18 percent suffer from percent suffer from intractable sleep difficulties that are perceived to impediments to them life says Harvey Moldofsky , chief psychologist at Toronto Western Hospital. Acute sleep loss causes fatigue and decreases motivation administrative. Total sleep loss for more than one night leads to micro sleep episodes intruding into wakefulness, effecting attention span reduction, difficulty concentrating, and performance efficiency is impaired. As sleep loss accumulates, daytime sleepless increases, and both cognition and behavioral deficits are exalelated. Chronic insonmia may induce emotional distress and increase the use of psychotropic medications and the risk of substance abuse. Sleep disturbances can affect a persons life, causing significant psychosocial, occupational and health reprocassions. Sleep duration is low lend to lavevity . Insomnacs are move likely (5% US. 2%) to report motor vehicle accidents in which fatigue was a factor. Individuals with sleep disturbances are move likely to display concomitent pshchological distress than those without sleep complaints reported by insomniacs often have a psychosomatic connotation: thsior headaches, gadro intestinal problems, no specific aches and pains, and allergies. There is a strong relationship between sleep and emotional disturbances. Insomnia causes psychological distress in some individuals, and that in those already afflicted by emotional problems, chronically disturbed sleep may only potentiate these difficulties. Reports of fatigue, tiredness, or drowsiness almost always accompany Insomnia complaints. Sleepiness is almost a direct result of sleep depravation. And, chronic inability to sleep will ultimately lead to Insomnia or some type of sleep disorder. Insomnia encompasses a wide variety of complaints typically reflecting unsatisfactory duration, efficiency, or quality of sleep. TechnologyTechnology used to measure and aid in the diagnosis of sleep consist of the EEG, the electro-oculogram (EOG), and the electromyogram (EMG). The EEG records brain wave activity from the central and occipital areas. The EOG measures a difference of electrical potential between the cornea and the retina; this difference is generated with each eye movement. The EMG monitors muscle tone, and its main recording site is the chin. Monitoring of oxygen saturation is used in the assessment diagnosis of sleep apnea. The electrocardiogram (EKG) documents arrhythmias accompanying respiratory disturbances. Accompanying respiratory disturbances. EMG monitoring of the anterior tibilias muscles is used for detection of periodic leg movements during sleep. Most adults need seven or eight hours of sleep a night, but some adults are ? short sleepers? and functions well and only there of four hours. Being that the purpose of sleep could be to allow the body time to repair and rejurvenate- some find 4 to 6 hours as a sufficient amount at sleep. Sleep reduces fatigue and relieves stress and dreaming helps to clear the nervous systems. The amount of time needed for sleep is eshonaly usaible from person to person. The clinical significanes of insomnia is detemined according to its sevenrity, frequency, duration, and daytime sequence. Treatment for dramic insomia consists of: -There are many foods you may try to get est that would/will aid in putting you to sleep. Foods such as oats, sweet corn, rice, zawgen, tomatoes, bananas, and barely all are rich in malnutrion which helps reduce sleep. -Lifestyle changes can also hepls you to sleep better. -Herbal remedies that as help induce sleep are Valerian roots, skull cap, passion flower, wood betony or California poppy. -Over the counter sleep medicines are not usually recommended for the treatment of insomnia . Though using sleeping pills without supervision of a physican for long periods of time can treat chronic insomnia. -Tayrs behavioral techniques to improve sleep, such as rehilbilation therpy, sleep restrictions therapy, and reconditioning may help. There are specific and effective technques through rehilbilation therapy that can reduces or eliminate anxiety and body tension. Insomnia can not be cured without treaty the underlying imbalance that causes it. The Association of Sleep Disorders Caters was established in 1975; its purpose is to accidet clinics in the United States and to promote professional education and the development of standards and guidelines for patient care. Most clinics are based in large urban hospitals or university medical schools, usually in conjunction with sleep-research programs . Medical experts from widely diverse fields are involved in sleep clinics. Psychologists and psychiatrists, internist, psycologists and specialist in disorders of the heart, lungs, brain, respiratory system and central nervous system are involved can givers at sleep clinics. ConclusionInsomnia can be treated if diagnosed properly and medication can be given to aid in the elimination of the problem. Health and Beauty

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Southern Voting behavior since the 1960s Essay Example For Students

Southern Voting behavior since the 1960s Essay Voters in many areas of the U.S. are apt to vote differently as a whole from election to election. The nation has also had a decreased turnout rate for the presidential and local elections. The South has typically not followed these patterns that the rest of has seemed to be following. The Southern whites of the U.S. have typically followed and voted for the more conservative candidate and party. Where as the Southern blacks have typically (when they have been able to vote) voted for the more liberal party or candidate. The South was at one time a Democratic stronghold and has in the past 30 years become a typically conservative voting electorate. This tendency of voting by race for the liberal or conservative candidate has been a continuing occurrence. We will write a custom essay on Southern Voting behavior since the 1960s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Southern turn out for elections has been significantly lower than the rest of the nation as well over the same time period. This bias of the past 30 years as well as voter turn out has only recently began to change in the South.In the beginning of and prior to the 1960s the South was a Democratic stronghold and it was rare for there to be any competition from Republicans in these non competitive states (Mulcahy p.56). A poll taken in the 1960s showed that the southern states were the obvious stronghold of Democratic identification. The extreme case was Louisiana, where 66% identified with the Democratic party(Black p. 44). This all began to change as the Democratic party became more liberal in its national policy views. The Democrats became too liberal in their policies concerning civil rights for the white Southerners to continue voting for them. (Mulcahy p.40). This reason along with others is what drove the Southern whites to change there voting habits of the last 100 years. The white Southerners began to vote for presidents of the Republican party and for Independents such as the Dixiecrats, because they were more conservative on a national scale. The Largest change of the Southern voters occurred in 1960 when the southern white Protestant presidential vote went Republican(Wayne p62). This would of allowed for the democrats to lose the south if the black electorate had not voted Democrat. The black Southern voters at the time of the 1960s were just again able to participate with their rights to vote. This was because shortly after the Civil War and reconstruction the Southern whites reduced and eventually removed the short lived black political power. They added laws that made it mandatory to take tests for voter eligibility, as well as discouraging black voting at all. This discrimination greatly reduced if not completely halted black voting in the south until the 1950s and 1960s. It was not until 1965 that the Voting Rights Act was passed that prohibited literacy tests for federal elections did blacks obtain their constitutional right to vote (Wayne p.70). Many blacks did in fact support the Republican party for quite a long time because they were known as the party of reconstruction and freeing of the slaves. Black voting turned towards the Democrats in the 1930s and 40s on the advice of One N.A. A.C.P. leader Turn your pictures of Lincoln to the wall, the debt is paid in full(Mulcahy p 37). This black voting for the Democrats created a problem in of its self, that the Blacks were continuing to vote for the local white conservative Democrats, that upheld the traditional Southern white views. This lead to the continued power of the oppressive whites, even though the party platform was one of reform. It was not until the early 70s that when the Republicans won the election for the governor of Virginia was the two party system fully revived in the south (U.S. news p. .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b , .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .postImageUrl , .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b , .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b:hover , .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b:visited , .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b:active { border:0!important; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b:active , .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucdfb66e2327d18e0efb1e97dc4b67d3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal: Classroom Observation Essay 210). This two party system allowed Democrats to run on a more liberal platform, which gave the blacks the representation that they wanted. Voting in the South since the 1960s has followed the pattern of voting for the most staunch conservative, or protector of Southern whites views. In the 1968 election Southern whites in the Deep South voted for George C. Wallace, while the rest of the South split on Nixon and . Southern Voting Behavior Since The 1960s Essay Example For Students Southern Voting Behavior Since The 1960s Essay Voters in many areas of the U.S. are apt to vote differently as a whole from election to election. The nation has also had a decreased turnout rate for the presidential and local elections. The South has typically not followed these patterns that the rest of has seemed to be following. The Southern whites of the U.S. have typically followed and voted for the more conservative candidate and party. Where as the Southern blacks have typically (when they have been able to vote) voted for the more liberal party or candidate. The South was at one time a Democratic stronghold and has in the past 30 years become a typically conservative voting electorate. This tendency of voting by race for the liberal or conservative candidate has been a continuing occurrence. We will write a custom essay on Southern Voting Behavior Since The 1960s specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Southern turn out for elections has been significantly lower than the rest of the nation as well over the same time period. This bias of the past 30 years as well as voter turn out has only recently began to change in the South.In the beginning of and prior to the 1960s the South was a Democratic stronghold and it was rare for there to be any competition from Republicans in these non competitive states (Mulcahy p.56). A poll taken in the 1960s showed that the southern states were the obvious stronghold of Democratic identification. The extreme case was Louisiana, where 66% identified with the Democratic party(Black p. 44). This all began to change as the Democratic party became more liberal in its national policy views. The Democrats became too liberal in their policies concerning civil rights for the white Southerners to continue voting for them. (Mulcahy p.40). This reason along with others is what drove the Southern whites to change there voting habits of the last 100 years. The white Southerners began to vote for presidents of the Republican party and for Independents such as the Dixiecrats, because they were more conservative on a national scale. The Largest change of the Southern voters occurred in 1960 when the southern white Protestant presidential vote went Republican(Wayne p62). This would of allowed for the democrats to lose the south if the black electorate had not voted Democrat. The black Southern voters at the time of the 1960s were just again able to participate with their rights to vote. This was because shortly after the Civil War and reconstruction the Southern whites reduced and eventually removed the short lived black political power. They added laws that made it mandatory to take tests for voter eligibility, as well as discouraging black voting at all. This discrimination greatly reduced if not completely halted black voting in the south until the 1950s and 1960s. It was not until 1965 that the Voting Rights Act was passed that prohibited literacy tests for federal elections did blacks obtain their constitutional right to vote (Wayne p.70). Many blacks did in fact support the Republican party for quite a long time because they were known as the party of reconstruction and freeing of the slaves. Black voting turned towards the Democrats in the 1930s and 40s on the advice of ;One N.A. A.C.P. leader Turn your pictures of Lincoln to the wall, the debt is paid in full;(Mulcahy p 37). This black voting for the Democrats created a problem in of its self, that the Blacks were continuing to vote for the local white conservative Democrats, that upheld the traditional Southern white views. This lead to the continued power of the oppressive whites, even though the party platform was one of reform. It was not until the early 70s that when the Republicans won the election for the governor of Virginia was the two party system fully revived in the south (U.S. news p. .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 , .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .postImageUrl , .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 , .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7:hover , .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7:visited , .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7:active { border:0!important; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7:active , .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7 .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f936164015027f09ceb664eac205db7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gwen Harwood Gender Analysis Essay 210). This two party system allowed Democrats to run on a more liberal platform, which gave the blacks the representation that they wanted. Voting in the South since the 1960s has followed the pattern of voting for the most staunch conservative, or protector of Southern whites views. In the 1968 election Southern whites in the Deep South voted for George C. Wallace, while the rest of the South split on Nixon and .