Descriptive Essay - Hunted And Oppressed - 971 Words

Hunted and oppressed. They have nothing better to do with their inhuman life s. They are falcons, yet I m feeble prey, fragile and forlorn, trying to escape being snatched up in an instance. Why is making my life a misery any beneficial to them? I will never understand. Pretending their life s are great, never better, but how could that be possible, false pretences to subdue their inner conscience and to accept the truth by never breaking away from their blood-thirsty and voracious lifestyles — which they have become accustomed. Sneaking up for their next power fix. There victory is a forgone conclusion, their ego at my weak expense guaranteed. Feeding of me like prey, leaving energised and buzzing, consequently, I felt drained and†¦show more content†¦Why did I just run from them? Why did I not just accept they were going to swoop down on me at a vast speed? They would have caught me anyway, I should have taken the pain there and then, but I hoped there was a chance. Just thinking of them made me so upset, upset that I can never stand up to them. Pursuing on my laborious walk home, I pretended that their attack was oblivious, trying to erase the vivid event from my memory till I got safety back home. No one must know. I could not sleep that night. I realised. I finally realised everything. I realised why I just ran away from them. I realised why I was just like prey to them. I realised it all. The intricate, complex crowd ensnared them. Controlled by their own group they created and I knew, without a doubt, that they behaved in a way in which anyone who is not part of it is unable to understand. But I did. They all squawk when one squawks; They all devour when one devours; They all attack when one attacks. It suddenly remembered me of that horrific feeling of being trapped like a defenceless rabbit, being so scared of what could happen, ergo being paralysed and transfixed by your surroundings. Not knowing what the future held frightened me and I had no one to run to. I was only running from my fears, suffering in unbearable pain, conversely, this was my only coping mechanism. Is this my life for the rest of the school year ? At first, I thought that if I gave it time, then

Essay on Racial Discrimination in Obasan and Itsuka by Jow...

The world is filled with different kinds of hatred caused by different reasons. For instance, people may hate others because of their gender, or for having different beliefs. Perhaps people hate others based on their cultural representation instead of who they really are as an individual, whether that representation is a religion or a race. This single fact of racial discrimination has caused many terrible and tragic events in history such as the holocaust, slavery, and among them is the evacuation and relocation of Japanese Canadians during World War II. In the novels  ¡Ã‚ ®Obasan ¡Ã‚ ¯ and  ¡Ã‚ ®Itsuka ¡Ã‚ ¯ by Joy Kogawa, the main protagonist Naomi and her family go through the mistreatment and racial discrimination, which occurred to all Japanese†¦show more content†¦That way you offend lessquot; (P.187). This shows that the war has denigrated Japanese Canadians as a something even less then even second-class citizens. The painful experience leaves tormenting remembrance that requires people to take a long time to recover. In  ¡Ã‚ ®Itsuka ¡Ã‚ ¯ which is a continuation of  ¡Ã‚ ®Obasan ¡Ã‚ ¯, the protagonist Naomi is haunted by her memories of her childhood growing up in the World War II period of Japanese Canadian evacuation and internment. Naomi was involved in the movement for reparation from the Canadian government for the forcible relocation and confiscation of property of Japanese Canadians during World War II. As Naomi went through her painful experiences during her childhood, she realizes the importance her cultural identity. Naomi makes a comment to her aunt, Obasan, quot;...today, finally, though we can hardly believe it, to be Canadian means what it hasnt meant before. Reconciliation. Liberation. Belongingness. Homequot; (P.277) and reminiscent the tough past that she had to face during World War II. Japanese Canadians were mistreated because of their racial background, as Japanese Empire was the enemy of Canada during World War II. While Naomi was evacuated and relocated from their own land and her mother, the youth of her life was ruined and memories of her pain are reflected on this quote, quot;There was a silence

Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass An American Slave

The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass: An American Slave, is a save narrative written by Fredrick Douglass himself. The narrative comprises of eleven chapters that give an account of Douglass’ life as a slave, and his quest to get education and become free from the slavery institution. In this narrative, Douglass struggles to free himself from the mentally, physically, and emotional torture of slavery, and the slavery itself. Douglass was taken away from his parents at a tender age and sent to live in Baltimore with his masters, Sophia and Hugh Auld. It was through his stay with the Auld’s that he came to learn of the whites dominance and power over the black people/ slaves by making sure that they were uneducated. After his†¦show more content†¦The tribulations Douglass encountered were so real and make the reader identify with them, and strive to gain more knowledge to be able to defend him/herself from any injustices. Through his writing, he was abl e to influence many famous abolitionists. One of the main reasons why Douglass wrote this narrative was to offset the undignified and humiliating way, in which the white people viewed him, plus the other slaves. Douglass witnessed the brutalization of his fellow black people whose only mistake as he narrates was to be born of the wrong color, black. The whites treated the blacks with brutality and were against them being educated. Douglass desired to learn how to read and write, and his master did everything to stop him from gaining knowledge on how to read and write. Douglass writes, â€Å"Whilst I was saddened by the thought of losing the aid of my kind mistress, I was gladdened by the invaluable instruction which, by the merest accident, I had gained from my master.† This was after Mr. Auld orders his wife Sophia to stop offering Douglass reading lessons. This made him more determined to learn how to read and write because he knew it was a key to his freedom. Despite all this, Douglass was able to learn how to read and write and he decided to write about the white people’s evils and how they mistreated the black people. Douglass wrote this narrative to analyze the slavery issue and expose why the whites were against the blacks getting education.Show MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages1845 Fredrick Douglas wrote an autobiography called The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave. The book tells the story of his life as a slave, being the son of an enslaved woman and a white man and how he finally escaped slavery in 1837. Due to the book he became a leader for an abolitionist movement and spoke and wrote many different things about the evils of slavery. He was the most respected and famous African American in the nineteenth century. Fredrick Douglass usedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1271 Words   |  6 Pages In the â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself†, written in the month of August 1841, demonstrates the double purpose of the work as both a personal account and a public argument. Douglass introduces the reader to his own circumstances, such as grief, sorrow and emptiness in his birthplace and the fact that he does not know his own age. He then generalizes from his own experience, by explaining that almost no slaves know their true ages. He takes this detailRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave916 Words   |  4 Pages Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave In Fredrick Douglass’s a narrative, Narrative of The Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave, he narrates an account of his experiences in the dehumanizing institution of slavery. This American institution was strategically formatted to quench any resemblance of human dignity. Throughout, the narration of his life Fredrick Douglas, meticulously illustrates the methodical process that contributed to the perpetual state of slaveryRead MoreFrederick Douglass Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave2160 Words   |  9 PagesJonathan Stang Waddell AP Language 26 July 2014 Fredrick Douglass-Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave Preface, page 4 â€Å"As soon as he had taken his seat, filled with hope and admiration, I rose, and declared that Patrick Henry, of revolutionary fame, never made a speech more eloquent in the cause of liberty, than the one we had just listened to from the lips of that hunted fugitive.† Response In this passage, Garrison attempts to express the sheerRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave1434 Words   |  6 PagesAs the most famous abolitionist African American leader, Fredrick Douglass is a political, historical, and literary figure whose words still reverberate the true meaning of freedom and political, economic, and social equality for all. Born a slave, Douglass was able to recount his story to a pre-Civil War American public, which had a tremendous effect on the views whites had about slavery and its role in American society. Douglass became a self-educated man as he grew up within the entanglementsRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1552 Words   |  7 Pages04/23/2015 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Theme: False versus True Christianity In this theme, Fredrick Douglass contrasts the both forms of Christianity to show the underlying hypocrisy in slavery. The results show that slavery is not religious as it exposes the evils in human bondage. These ideals however can be distorted so as to fit in the society. Two forms of Christianity are presented in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass and eachRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1093 Words   |  5 Pagesdifference.† -Frederick Douglass. The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, by Frederick Douglass, shares the story of the struggles of an American slave during the eighteenth-century. Fredrick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland in approximately 1818. While being raised by his grandmother, Betsey Bailey, he snuck around at night to meet his mother nearby, assuming that his slaveholder, Captain Anthony, was his father. From adolescence, Douglass knew he was different thanRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass967 Words   |  4 Pagesinhuman mistreatment of slaves in the United States many slaves like Fredrick Douglass had to escape to fight for freedom to become abolitionists. To expose the terror a nd cruelties that he faced from his owners and overseers as a slave as narrated in â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass.† Being a slave was difficult from the beginning. In the case of Fredrick Douglass he was a product of unwanted love. Born into slavery with no record or â€Å"accurate knowledge of age.†(Douglass) He was the son ofRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Fugitive Slave And A Free Man1192 Words   |  5 PagesFredrick Douglass (1818-1945), both a fugitive slave and a free man, was one of the most courageous and influential leaders of the abolitionist movement. His narrative, published in 1845, illustrates his childhood and early manhood experiences as a salve, as well as his escape to the North and find of freedom. Within his narrative entitled â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass,† Douglass argues that in order to achieve physical freedom, a slave must seek knowledge and an education. InRead MoreBiography of Fredrick Douglass1294 Words   |  5 PagesWhen you think of great Americans in our history there are countless that come to mind. Some immediately think of the many presidents we have had, others think of inventors, but what about the people that are in between – the people that fought for equality. Fredrick Douglass arguably had the greatest impact on American society, especially African American society, in the nineteenth century. Douglass is credited as being an abolitionist, author, editor, and diplomat. He used literature, books, newspapers

Competency Active Learning Program Undergra -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Competency Active Learning Program Undergra? Answer: Introduction: For students aspiring to be a registered nurse, continuous professional development is a necessary requirement to maintain professional standards and provide quality care to patient. CPD related activities supports nurses to engage in lifelong learning process and enhance their nursing competence (Pool et al. 2015). Hence, after registration for nursing practice, each nurse must evaluate their practice to understand professional and personal developments needs. With the aim of providing continuous professional development operations to student nurses aspiring to become a registered nurse, this report focuses on developing a teaching session for such nurses. This teaching focuses on providing knowledge and skills to nurses regarding the topic of preventive practices needed by nurse to prevent SSIs. As a clinical nurse educator in clinical setting, my role is to mentor all newly placed nurses and increase their confidence in contemporary nursing skills. I aim to provide teaching sessio n on preventive practice for SSIs because SSIs is a major burden in hospitals and if nurses are competent in preventing SSIs, then patient safety goals can be easily achieved. Due to this issue, importance of clinical teaching for nurses is realized as continuous clinical education fosters assimilation of knowledge at higher level in nursing students (Ironside, McNelis and Ebright 2014). The report provides an insight into the process of developing and delivering the teaching session to nursing students. The teaching session gives ideas to students about the implications and risk factors of SSIs, importance of nurses to be aware about current guidelines to prevent SSIs, training needs for nurses in the area and preventive approach required by nurse to prevent SSI before, after and during surgery. Lastly, the evaluation of the session has been provided to analyze the success of the session for students. Development of the session: This report focuses on developing a teaching session on the topic of preventive practices needed by nurses to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs). The main influencing factor for choosing this topic for student nurses making transition to a registered nurse is that SSIs are the most common cause of health care associated infection and fragmented approaches used by health care staff in wound care management increases the risk of such infection. Despite advancement in surgical technique and operating room environment, SSIs has remained a major cause of patient morbidity, mortality, long hospital stay and health care cost (Gillespie et al. 2015). Hence, providing teaching to student nurses regarding evidence based approach to prevent SSIs is necessary to minimize mistakes during transition to practice and enhance confidence of nurses in providing high quality care. As a clinical nurse educator in practice setting, I am targeting the students nurse to acquire these skills before thei r registration because they are at ideal position to minimize the risk related to SSI and Labeau et al. (2010) has also confirmed about many success stories when nurses took the lead to achieve additional skills to promote patient safety. Context and training needs analysis: Based on the above discussion, it can be said that patient safety and high incidence of adverse events related to SSI in surgical patient is the main context for planning and developing teaching session on the topic of preventive practices for SSIs. This teaching session has also been planned after evaluating education and training needs of students nurses in this area. While conducting training needs analysis before developing the teaching session, the main focus was to find out challenges that nurses might face while making transitions to being a registered nurse. The foremost among them was reality jolts experiences of nurses. Many students nurses are not aware about the realities of hospital setting because nursing curriculum do not prepare them in a way to make them aware of real time challenges in practice. Most of the knowledge that they gain in universities are not accepted in actual practice which leads to anxiety and disappointment in student nurses (Tower et al. 2015). Hen ce, as a clinical educator, I aim to minimize such gap in theoretical knowledge and practice by teaching nurses about all those things that are directly applied in clinical setting for controlling SSIs. The strength of the teaching session is that it is focusing on provided update knowledge to students based on current guidelines for controlling SSIs. This would be crucial in making differences in the quality of care delivered in hospital setting. The next session of delivery of session provides an insight to the rational for delivery based on critical analysis of teaching and learning theories and different learning styles. Analysis of teaching and learning theory for application in teaching plan: While planning the curriculum design for the session, the main focus will to prepare content that is easy for nurses to grasp and they are very much clear about their contribution in controlling SSIs. A transparent, informative and updated teaching plan is likely to eliminate confusion and increase confidence of nurses while dealing with SSI related issue in surgery patients. This is also necessary because students nurses are most likely to implement suboptimal strategies in preventing SSIs during the transition from student nurse to registered nurse. Applying theoretical concepts in real setting becomes the most difficult step for nurse (Hawkins et al. 2015). To design a useful and engaging content for the teaching session, there is a need to analyze different teaching and learning theories. Taking a suitable teaching approach based on learning styles will be effective in successfully achieving education support roles in clinical practice and realizing the main goal of the session. Some of the relevant learning theories that are specifically applied in nursing practices include behaviorism theories, cognitive theories and constructivism theory. These learning theories can be a good guide for planning clinical teaching session for student nurses. As a clinical educator, knowing about general principles of these theories will help me to decide ways of delivering the teaching session in various learning situations. The analysis of these theories and their suitability for teaching students is presented below: Behaviorism theory: The behaviorism theory focuses on observable aspects of learning and ignores role of mind in acquisition of new behavior. It can also be said that favor knowledge acquisition based on environmental conditions. The theory is based on the principles of reinforcement and the main assumption is that environment shapes behavior of people. Two categories of behaviorism approach have been given by Pavlov and skinner through classical and operant conditioning respectively. In this case, learning occurs by interaction between stimulus and response (Harasim 2017). Hence, positive or negative reinforcement by educator can encourage learners to acquire and repeat new behavior. This theory can be applied in teaching clinical skills, however this type of learning is too reliant on learners. This is because favorable results may encourage students to adapt the new behavior however undesirable results may refrain them from the preventive practice. As my teaching goal is to help nurses implement prev entive skills for SSIs in all situation, this type of learning method may not work for this teaching session. Another reason for not applying this theory in developing teaching session is that the process is time consuming and it is dependent on students motivation for learning (Aliakbari et al. 2015). If the goal of the teaching session would have been to increase the motivation of students in adapting any new behavior, then behaviorist approach could be taken. However, the goal of this teaching session is not to motivate nurses for patient safety, but promote their professional development by providing updated knowledge on SSIs. Hence, this theory cannot be applied for the learning situation of student nurses making transition to registered nursing practice. Cognitive theory: The cognitive learning theory focuses on the thought process of people behind any behavior. It pays attention to the mental process that brings about learning in students. In contrast to behavioral theory, learning in an individual cannot be observed, however it can be evaluated by change in capability or skills of the person (Spiro, Bruce and Brewer 2017). Therefore, a student can learn actively in this process if they are good in questioning skills. Nursing educators can apply this principle in training session when the focus is to make nurses aware about any problem in clinical context and inquire them about the implications of such problem. This means an interactive session where students also respond during the teaching session can help to evaluated learning process in students (Aliakbari et al. 2015). I do not want to apply this approach in teaching because my target audiences are nursing students who have not yet entered practice. Hence, questioning them regarding implication of SSI is the not the goal of the session. The aim is to increase their knowledge in the area of preventing SSIs. So, I would favor a theory that would enable taking exploratory approach in learning. Constructivism theory: The theory related to constructivism regards learning as a process where knowledge is constructed based on interaction between experiences and their ideas. This implies that a learner can build new ideas based on past or current experience. The main goal of constructivism approach is to prepare learner to solve problems in tricky situations and this is similar to this teaching plan as here the focus is to prepare nurses to solve the problem related to SSIs in clinical setting. This learning situation is called ambiguous because there is evidence which has revealed that there is lack of training arrangements for evidence based guidelines for SSIs (Teshager, Engeda and Worku 2015). Qasem and Hweidi (2017) also revealed that nurses have low level of knowledge related to evidence based guidelines for SSIs prevention. This evidence points out to the ambiguous situation of nurses where they fail to implement the standard of care in the absence of evidence based knowledge on prevention of S SIs. Hence, the constructivist approach is considered appropriate to be applied in the development and delivery of the teaching session. Another advantage of constructivist approach in the context of teaching session for university students is that it focuses on building students interest in learning. Hence, in nursing education, this theory can be applied in teaching raise interest of students in continuous learning and professional development. Hence, an interactive teaching session can be planned where = idea can be provided about the prevalence of SSIs and then educator can survey them regarding their role in controlling the negative in clinical setting (Aliakbari et al. 2015). This would help to analyze their past knowledge on the topic and then new ideas can be built to enable necessary to assimilate the information. The constructivism is theory can be readily embraced in todays nursing program as current programs are not addressing changing needs of health care environment and not providing practices based skills to nursing aspirants. Hence, by the use of constructivism theory, nursing educators in any clinical setting can make a shift toward concept based curricula and application of constructivism principle to curriculum development (Brandon and All 2010). Constructivism will favor active and contextualized process of learning. Curriculum development or content for teaching session: After deciding on the teaching and learning theory that needs to be applied in teaching session, the next step was to prepare the content for the teaching session. While planning the content, the focus was to present information in such a manner that would support students to understand technical and interpersonal context of SSI. The role of a clinical educator is also to support nurses to effectively apply theoretical knowledge into informed clinical practice (Maxwell, Black and Baillie 2014). Hence, the critical role needed by nurses each phase of surgery will be covered in the teaching session so that students can easily apply those knowledge in real practice. The common concern for newly place nurses is that they do not find link between university and practice (Helminen et al. 2016). So, as a practice educator, I aim to strengthen the link by providing students access to information that they would readily require while implementing preventive strategies for SSEs. The outline an d structure of the teaching session has been prepared with the following rationales: The introduction gives background of the topic to set the context for the teaching session. The implication of SSI has been developed to make students aware about the adverse implication of the issue The slide on importance of nurse knowledge towards SSI prevention has been developed to clarify student about the core objective of the teaching session and the need for this teaching session Risk factor section prepared to make students aware about intrinsic and extrinsic risk contributing to SSI. The interest of students will be raised by this point and their past knowledge can be explored and their knowledge can be further build in the next sections Knowledge needed by nurses is an important area which can easily make students aware about the specific area where there attention is required to prevent SSI. The last three slides related to preventive approach before, during and after surgery gives updated knowledge and guidelines to nurses for preventing SSI. Starting from a broader context, the session has been narrowed down here to make nurses clear about their role in controlling SSIs. Delivery of the session: To decide the best delivery method for the teaching session, the main criteria is to deliver the session in a way that promotes active learning and encourage critical thinking in student nurses. Active learning is necessary to help students achieve desired nursing competencies (Shin et al. 2015). I have chosen power point presentation (PPT) as a tool for delivering the teaching session. This is likely to promote active learning in students because content are presented in a prcise manner in power points (Ledbetter and Finn 2018). Hence, the students will not find the session boring nor they will have the feeling that the session is too long. Another appealing point of using PPT as a delivery method is that enhances visual appeal and improves focus of student. Certain visual graphics related to hygiene practices and lessons for nurse to reduce risk of SSI infection has been provided to stimulate and support learning. Visual aids are the best way to disseminate knowledge and make teach ing sessions effective. It will also help students nurses to retain concepts permanently (Shabiralyani et al. 2015). In this teaching session, the visual aids are directed to the topic, hence students may relate with those visual image and have a positive learning experience. Secondly, to enhance critical thinking in nurses, I have planned to make the session interactive where I will not provide vital information to students by presentation but also interact with them in between session to explore their past knowledge and opinion related to the topic. Interaction during teaching session is necessary to encourage two way interactions and develop critical thinking skills (Zarifsanaiey, Amini and Saadat 2016). Students should not just act as lone recipient of information; they should interact too to validate certain points. The principle of constructivist learning will also be applied in the session so that students can understand problem in real clinical situation and strengthen their skills by taking on new information to cope with the issue of SSI in clinical setting (Carter et al. 2016). As a nurse educator, I have the obligation to create a learning environment that supports critical thinking. This is dependent on transforming traditional teaching methods and encouraging dialogue with others to promote effective learning. Hence, discussion and dialogue in the delivery of teaching session will act as a collaborative learning exercise. Cooperative learning will enhance clinical learning, promote interpersonal relationship and foster self-esteem in nursing students too (Nabors 2012). Huda et al. (2016) also affirms that discussions in classed creates productive environment for students and promotes critical thinking. From the perspective of student nurse also, it has been found that they also favor active learning strategies compared to traditional teaching methods because it enriches students learning experiences (Huda et al. 2016). The teaching session has been specifically planned for nursing students. Some of the barriers that may affect delivery in the target audience include unsupportive environment for learning and the pace of the program. To marketing the teaching successful, it will be essential for the clinical setting to provide resources and tool to provide useful environment for teaching. Secondly, the pace of delivery may also determine the effectiveness of session (Hakimzadeh et al. 2013). I aim to take adequate support from nursing leaders in the setting so the teaching proceeds at a good pace and students get adequate time to acquire new knowledge related to SSI prevention. Evaluation of the session: The evaluation of the teaching session will be done at individual level as well as for the whole session. To evaluate the success of teaching session in achieving the core objective, the focus will be to analyze gesture of students and the response that they give during the session. If the students are inquisitive during discussion, it will mean that the teaching has provoked critical thinking in students. Secondly, after the end of session, if the students are coming to further inquire aboit documents related to updates guidelines on SSIs, then it will indicate that students are interested to assimilate this information in future nursing practice. The implications of the session in terms of cost and time utilization will also be analyzed by assessing how the student nurses implement the knowledge when they actually work with surgical patients. The decrease in the rate of SSI related infections and adverse events for patients will be reflective of usefulness of the session. Conclusion: This report gave a detailed discussion on developing, delivering and evaluating a teaching session on the topic of preventive strategies needed by nurses to prevent risk of SSIS. The target audience for the session included students nurses making transition to registered nursing practice. The main goal of the session was to provide nurse knowledge regarding updated guidelines to prevent SSIs in different stage of surgery and hospital stay. The report summarized the rational for taking the topic of SSI for the teaching session and also presented training needs in this area by analyzing challenges faced by nurses in applying theoretical knowledge in real clinical situation. In the context of developing the session, different teaching and learning theories were analyzed and the selection of best theory for application in the session was provided. The delivery of session was planned keeping in mind the strategies to promote active learning and provoke critical thinking skill in students. The evaluation strategies for the session provide effective steps to analyze the effectiveness of the session for individual students as well as for the clinical setting where the students will work. References Aliakbari, F., Parvin, N., Heidari, M. and Haghani, F., 2015. Learning theories application in nursing education.Journal of education and health promotion,4. Brandon, A.F. and All, A.C., 2010. Constructivism theory analysis and application to curricula.Nursing Education Perspectives,31(2), pp.89-92. Carter, A.G., Creedy, D.K. and Sidebotham, M., 2016. Efficacy of teaching methods used to develop critical thinking in nursing and midwifery undergraduate students: a systematic review of the literature.Nurse education today,40, pp.209-218. Gillespie, B.M., Kang, E., Roberts, S., Lin, F., Morley, N., Finigan, T., Homer, A. and Chaboyer, W., 2015. Reducing the risk of surgical site infection using a multidisciplinary approach: an integrative review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare,8, p.473. Hakimzadeh, R., Ghodrati, A., Karamdost, N., Ghodrati, H. and Mirmosavi, J., 2013. Factors affecting the teaching learning in nursing education.GSE Journal of Education,2013, pp.174-184. Harasim, L., 2017.Learning theory and online technologies. Taylor Francis. Hawkins, R.E., Welcher, C.M., Holmboe, E.S., Kirk, L.M., Norcini, J.J., Simons, K.B. and Skochelak, S.E., 2015. Implementation of competency?based medical education: are we addressing the concerns and challenges?.Medical education,49(11), pp.1086-1102. Helminen, K., Coco, K., Johnson, M., Turunen, H. and Tossavainen, K., 2016. Summative assessment of clinical practice of student nurses: A review of the literature.International journal of nursing studies,53, pp.308-319. Huda, S.U., Ali, T.S., Nanji, K. and Cassum, S., 2016. Perceptions of Undergraduate Nursing Students Regarding Active Learning Strategies, and Benefits of Active Learning.International Journal of Nursing,8(4). Ironside, P. M., McNelis, A. M., and Ebright, P. 2014. Clinical education in nursing: Rethinking learning in practice settings.Nursing Outlook,62(3), 185-191. Labeau, S.O., Witdouck, S.S., Vandijck, D.M., Claes, B., Rello, J., Vandewoude, K.H., Lizy, C.M., Vogelaers, D.P. and Blot, S.I., 2010. Nurses' Knowledge of Evidence?Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,7(1), pp.16-24. Ledbetter, A.M. and Finn, A.N., 2018. Perceived teacher credibility and students affect as a function of instructors use of PowerPoint and email.Communication Education,67(1), pp.31-51. Maxwell, E., Black, S. and Baillie, L., 2014. The role of the practice educator in supporting nursing and midwifery students' clinical practice learning: An appreciative inquiry.Journal of Nursing Education and Practice,5(1), p.35. Nabors, K., 2012.Active learning strategies in classroom teaching: Practices of associate degree nurse educators in a southern state. The University of Alabama. Pool, I. A., Poell, R. F., Berings, M. G., and ten Cate, O. 2015. Strategies for continuing professional development among younger, middle-aged, and older nurses: A biographical approach.International journal of nursing studies,52(5), 939-950. Qasem, M.N. and Hweidi, I.M., 2017. Jordanian Nurses Knowledge of Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Settings.Journal of Nursing,7, pp.561-582. Shabiralyani, G., Hasan, K.S., Hamad, N. and Iqbal, N., 2015. Impact of Visual Aids in management the Learning Process Case Research: District Dera Ghazi Khan.Journal of Education and Practice,6(19), pp.226-233. Shin, H., Sok, S., Hyun, K.S. and Kim, M.J., 2015. Competency and an active learning program in undergraduate nursing education.Journal of advanced nursing,71(3), pp.591-598. Spiro, R.J., Bruce, B.C. and Brewer, W.F. eds., 2017.Theoretical issues in reading comprehension: Perspectives from cognitive psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence and education(Vol. 11). Routledge. Teshager, F.A., Engeda, E.H. and Worku, W.Z., 2015. Knowledge, practice, and associated factors towards prevention of surgical site infection among nurses working in Amhara regional state referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia.Surgery research and practice,2015. Tower, M., Cooke, M., Watson, B., Buys, N., and Wilson, K. 2015. Exploring the transition experiences of students entering into preregistration nursing degree programs with previous professional nursing qualifications: an integrative review.Journal of clinical nursing,24(9-10), 1174-1188. Zarifsanaiey, N., Amini, M. and Saadat, F., 2016. A comparison of educational strategies for the acquisition of nursing students performance and critical thinking: simulation-based training vs. integrated training (simulation and critical thinking strategies).BMC medical education,16(1), p.294.